Prevalence and clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation among a population of children in the community of Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), an alteration of tooth enamel with an estimated worldwide prevalence rate of 14%, among children using primary care services in the Community of Madrid, Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and multicentre study. After calibrating all researchers and following the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), children aged between 8 and 16 years who were users of the dental services at 8 primary oral health units of the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS) were included. The children underwent a dental examination, and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH was 28.63% (CI: 24.61-32.65%). The age cohorts most affected by MIH were 8 years (21.4%) and 11 years (20.7%). The presence of MIH was greater among girls (85; 60.71%) than among boys (55; 39.28%). The mean number of affected teeth per patient was 4.46 ± 2.8. The most frequently affected molar was the upper right first molar (74.3%), and the upper left central incisor was the most affected incisor (37.85%). Opacities were the defects most frequently recorded (63.57%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MIH in this study is the highest of all relevant studies conducted in Spain.

Panorametric study in a paediatric population in Madrid.

The aim of the study was to establish the normality ranges of the linear and angular measurements that can be carried out in orthopantomographies (OPGs) of a paediatric sample from Madrid, according to sex and dentition. OPGs performed in the Radiology Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) from caucasic children between 4-14 years old were selected. A total of 44 measurements were made in the OPGs, and the sex and type of dentition of each child were recorded. Panoramic Mandibular Index and Antegonial Index were also calculated. Statistical tests were performed with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05) and bilateral significance to analyse the differences between sex and type of dentition, and the correlation between the measurements of the right and left sides. A total sample of 160 OPGs (50% boys, 50% girls) were analysed. 16.25% of the sample was in primary dentition, 50% in first phase mixed dentition, 17.5% in second phase mixed dentition and 16.25% in permanent dentition. Statistically significant differences were found with respect to the sex of the subjects in 11 of the measurements; and 44 in relation to the dentition stages of the subjects. A strong correlation is found between the measurements on the right and left sides. The application of panoramic measurements as indicators of normality can help in the detection of craniofacial alterations in growth and development of the lower facial third.

Fluoruro diamino de plata. Lo que necesitamos saber / Diamine silver fluoride. What we need to know

Introducción: El fluoruro diamino de plata deriva de la unión del nitrato de plata y fluoruro. Reduce el avance de la caries y la degeneración de colágeno en la dentina. Impide la desmineralización y fomenta la remineralización del esmalte y la dentina. Por su sencilla aplicación es un material de gran interés en aquellos niños con ansiedad o poco colaboradores. El objetivo de esta revisión es comparar las recomendaciones de uso, frecuencia y porcentaje de aplicación del fluoruro diamino de plata en dentición temporal. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline y Science Direct usando términos Mesh. Se han incluido estudios realizados en pacientes entre 0 y 5 años, publicados entre 2016-2020. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 12 artículos para examinar y contrastar los protocolos de porcentaje y continuidad de aplicación del fluoruro diamino de plata. Dicho material ha sido analizado en referencia a diversas variables como su frecuencia de aplicación, concentración y seguimiento, entre otros. Se describen los resultados de fluoruro diamino de plata en el microbioma presente en la placa de individuos y se cotejan los rasgos de microbioma asistentes en la placa entre la caries detenida y activa después de tratamiento. Gracias a las ventajas de este material se consigue un mejor manejo de conducta del paciente, disminuyendo su ansiedad. Conclusiones: Según los resultados analizados la aplicación más efectiva del fluoruro diamino de plata es al 38% cada 6 meses. (AU)

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride is derived from the union of silver nitrate and fluoride. Reduce the progression of cavities and collagen degeneration in the dentin. Prevents demineralization and promotes remineralization of enamel and dentin. Due to its simple application, it is a material of great interest to those children with anxiety or little collaborators. The objective of this review is to compare the recommendations for use, frequency and percentage of application of silver diamine fl uoride in primary dentition. Methods: The Pubmed / Medline and Science Direct databases were searched using Mesh terms. Studies carried out in patients between 0 and 5 years old, published between 2016-2020, have been included. Results: Twelve articles were obtained to examine and contrast the protocols of percentage and continuity of application of silver diamine fluoride. This material has been analyzed in reference to various variables such as its frequency of application, concentration and monitoring, among others. The results of silver diamine fluoride in the microbiome present in the plate of individuals are described and the assisting microbiome traits in the plate are compared between the arrested and active caries after treatment. Thanks to the advantages of this material, a better management of the patient’s behavior is achieved, reducing their anxiety. Conclusions: According to the results analyzed, the most effective application of silver diamine fl uoride is at 38% every 6 months. (AU)

Anomalías De La Forma En Dentición Permanente / Anomalies of form in the permanent dentition

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Cronología y secuencia de erupción de los dientes temporales en una muestra infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid / Chronology and sequence of eruption of the temporary teeth in a sampling of children in the region of Madrid

La erupción de la dentición temporal ha sido objeto de estudio en múltiples poblaciones, sin embargo, son escasos los llevados a cabo en la población española. Objetivo: Determinar la cronología y la secuencia de erupción de la dentición decidua en una muestra de niños de la Comunidad de Madrid. Material y Método: La muestra para la realización de este estudio transversal estuvo constituida por 120 niños, 62 hombres y 58 mujeres, de entre 5 y 40 meses de edad, que fueron revisados en distintas guarderías de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: En general, los dientes de la arcada superior erupcionaron antes que los de la inferior, a excepción de los incisivos centrales inferiores y del incisivo lateral inferior izquierdo. En el caso del segundo molar las edades medias de emergencia en ambas arcadas fueron muy similares. En los niños, los dientes maxilares erupcionaron antes que los mandibulares, sucediendo lo contrario en las niñas. Además, se observó una emergencia más adelantada en los varones, presentando éstos en cambio, un proceso eruptivo más largo. Conclusiones: En la muestra general, el primer diente en erupcionar fue el incisivo central inferior izquierdo y el último el segundo molar inferior derecho. No se encontraron diferencias en la erupción de los dientes homólogos contra laterales (AU)

The eruption of temporary teeth has been subject of study in many populations; however, there are few that have been conducted on the Spanish population. Objective: Determine the chronology and the sequence of eruption of the deciduous teeth in a sampling of children from the Region of Madrid. Material and Method: The sampling for this cross-sectional study was composed of 120 children, 62 male and 58 females, between the ages of 5 and 40 months, which were sampled in different childcare centres of the Region of Madrid. Results: In general, the teeth of the upper arcade erupted before those of the low erarcade, except for the lower central incisors and of the lower left lateral incisor. In the case of the second molar, the average ages of emergence in both arcades were very similar. In the boys, the maxillary teeth erupted before the mandibular teeth, with the opposite occurring in the girls. In addition, an earlier emergence was observed in the males, with them presenting, however, a longer eruptive process. Conclusions: In the general sample, the first tooth to erupt was the lower left central incisor and the last was the lower right second molar. No differences were found in the eruption of the contralateral counterpart teeth (AU)

Program for coordinated dental care under general anaesthesia for children with special needs

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Aim: To draw up a program for coordination of dental care for children with special needs between the Course at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCMC) (Specialisation in holistic dental care for children with special needs), and the Disabled Children’s Oral Health Unit (DCOHU) within the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS).Material and methods: UCMC Protocol for children with special needs. Design of a clinical pathway based on consensus amongst the professionals involved.Results: Algorithm for dental care for children with special needs. Matrix covering all activities and timing for full dental diagnosis in such patients (general health, oral health and behaviour) to facilitate proper referral of patients requiring general anaesthesia. Inclusion in the matrix of those responsible for each activity.Conclusions: Improved team work (University – primary health care) in patient evaluation, in provision of informationto parents and guardians and in health care quality. From the teaching point of view, students learn to adopt a systematic approach in the decision-making process

Criteria for selecting children with special needs for dental treatment under general anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To study criteria for helping to select children with special needs for dental treatment under general anaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group of 30 children (aged under 18) examined on the Course at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) (Specialisation on holistic dental treatment of children with special needs) and subsequently referred to the Disabled Children's Oral Health Unit (DCOHU) within Primary Health Care Area 2 of the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS) where dental treatment under general anaesthesia was given during 2005. Relevant data were taken from their case histories with regard to their general health, oral health and behaviour. RESULTS: In most of the children (22 children), it was possible to carry out a complete dental diagnosis. With regard to medical diagnoses, the most frequent pathology was cerebral palsy (8 children), but it was not possible to establish a link between the pathology and the use of general anaesthesia. With regard to oral health, most of the children received restorative treatment in all 4 quadrants (26 children). On the basis of scales for behavioural evaluation and movement, most of the children (17 children) showed clearly negative behaviour, with movements that interrupted or hindered examination. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of certain specific medical problems, the reasons for using general anaesthesia for dental treatment in children with special needs are extensive treatment needs and bad behaviour, both of which can be judged objectively.

Criteria for selecting children with special needs for dental treatment under general anaesthesia

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Objective: To study criteria for helping to select children with special needs for dental treatment under general anaesthesia.Materials and methods: Group of 30 children (aged under 18) examined on the Course at the Universidad Complutensede Madrid (UCM) (Specialisation on holistic dental treatment of children with special needs) and subsequently referred to the Disabled Children’s Oral Health Unit (DCOHU) within Primary Health Care Area 2 of the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS) where dental treatment under general anaesthesia was given during 2005.Relevant data were taken from their case histories with regard to their general health, oral health and behaviour.Results: In most of the children (22 children), it was possible to carry out a complete dental diagnosis. With regard to medical diagnoses, the most frequent pathology was cerebral palsy (8 children), but it was not possible to establish a link between the pathology and the use of general anaesthesia. With regard to oral health, most of the children received restorative treatment in all 4 quadrants (26 children). On the basis of scales for behavioural evaluation and movement,most of the children (17 children) showed clearly negative behaviour, with movements that interrupted or hindered examination.Conclusions: With the exception of certain specific medical problems, the reasons for using general anaesthesia for dental treatment in children with special needs are extensive treatment needs and bad behaviour, both of which can be judged objectively (AU)

Dental treatment for disabled children in the Spanish Public Health System.

The Spanish Public Health System is stepping up its efforts to meet all the medical needs of the population. Oral health is of increasing interest for society, especially for parents who are keen for their children to have healthy teeth. Disabled children with both physical and mental disabilities do not always receive the dental care they need. The purpose of this bibliographical review is to evaluate the services provided by the Spanish Public Health System to such children. We have noted marked differences in the types of dental treatment given to these patients in the different Autonomous Communities of Spain. Some, such as Asturias, Navarra and Extremadura, offer specific care for disabled children. Others, such as Ceuta and Melilla, provide more general care.

Dental treatment for disabled children in the Spanish Public Health System

Cada vez son más los esfuerzos del Sistema Sanitario Público Español por cubrir todas las necesidades médicas que pueda tener la población. La salud bucodental es un aspecto que cada día interesa más a la sociedad, fundamentalmente a los padres que desean que sus hijos tengan una adecuada condición oral. Los niños discapacitados, tanto físicos como psíquicos, constituyen un colectivo que no siempre recibe las atenciones odontológicas que precisan. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es valorar los servicios que presta la Sanidad Pública Española a estos niños. Hemos observado que existe una importante discrepancia en cuanto a los diferentes tipos de tratamientos bucodentales que se realizan a estos pacientes según sea la Comunidad Autónoma a la que pertenezcan. Así, en ciertas Comunidades Autónomas, como Asturias, Navarra y Extremadura, incluso se lleva a cabo una atención específica de los pacientes discapacitados infantiles. En otras como, Ceuta, Melilla, la atención, por parte de la Sanidad Pública, es más generalizada

The Spanish Public Health System is stepping up its efforts to meet all the medical needs of the population. Oral health is of increasing interest for society, especially for parents who are keen for their children to have healthy teeth. Disabled children with both physical and mental disabilities do not always receive the dental care they need. The purpose of this bibliographical review is to evaluate the services provided by the Spanish Public Health System to such children. We have noted marked differences in the types of dental treatment given to these patients in the different Autonomous Communitiesof Spain. Some, such as Asturias, Navarra and Extremadura, offer specific care for disabled children. Others, such as Ceuta and Melilla, provide more general care (AU)